A bimetallic Cu-Sn / Zn-Sn electrode reduces nitrate to harmless nitrogen gas at over 90% selectivity — decided by which metal is plated on top — with operando Raman on the MRID revealing why.
Two MOF-derived copper-carbon electrodes selectively detect acetaminophen and metformin in real water — one reading two drugs at once, the other reaching a 0.054 µg/L limit — with operando Raman proving the mechanism.
Cobalt-oxide-in-carbon electrodes recover molybdate from water by electrosorption — capture under potential, release on reversal, up to 72 mg-Mo/g — with operando Raman proving a CoO→Co3O4 redox mechanism.
Operando electrochemical Raman records Raman spectra inside a live electrochemical cell, potential by potential — a movie of the working electrode surface, not a before/after snapshot.
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